本文继续给大家分享基础阶考研英语段长难句的常见问题,希望大家认真总结:
1、Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status. 老师,麻烦您把"in response... status" 这部分的结构给分析下吧,谢谢!
解析:children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status是从句,children是主语,commit宾语,in response to 状语。
本句是宾语从句,难点在in response to后的翻译,切分意群:Theories focusing on the role of society/ suggest /that children commit crimes /in response to their failure /to rise above their socioeconomic status.需要大家来意译:
强调社会角色的理论认为,孩子们犯罪是他们自己没有成功地超越现有的社会经济地位的(自发的,本能的)反应行为。
2、Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.
解析:首先我们来切分意群:Some philosophers argue / that rights exist only within a social contract, / as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.
然后我们在翻译时要注意:
1)主干结构是主从复合句:Some philosophers argue that...
2)that引导的是宾语从句
3)as part of.。。是宾语从句中的rights的主语补足语。
同时我们学员在翻译时要注意以下的词汇:
argue 论证
a social contract 社会契约
as part of 作为(是)……的一部分
entitlements 利益,权利
综合以上的分析我们可以意译:
有些哲学家论证说,权利只存在社会契约中,是责任与利益相交换的一部分。
3、It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all。
解析:首先我们来切分意群:It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: / it invites you to think /that animals should be treated / either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or /with no consideration at all。
然后我们翻译时要注意以下几个部分:
1) it invites you to think that…后面是宾语从句。
2) animals should be treated either with..., or with.。。要么……要么……,是表示选择的方式状语。
3)the consideration后面的humans extend to other humans是定语。
最后翻译时要注意以下的词汇:
leads ...to extremes 引向极端
at the outset 从一开始
invites you to think 使人们认为
consideration 关切,体谅
humans extend to other humans 人对待人
综合以上的总结我们可以意译:
这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端,它使人们认为应这样对待动物:要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅,要么完全冷漠无情。
以上便是给大家总结的最近学员反映的问题,总的来说我们考生在理解这些长难句时要注意以下几个方面:首先,切分意群,其次,明白句子的大致结构,再次,注意短语及单词在句子中的语境含义,最后要求大家根据各个意群的含义组合成通顺的汉语意思。祝广大学子考研顺利!
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