英语的最基本的结构是主、谓结构,倒装就是将这种比较固定的词序加以颠倒。英语的倒装结构分为两种:完全倒装和部分倒装。完全倒装即指整个谓语动词被放在主语的前面。今天,辅导老师和大家分享一下完全倒装的常见结构,以帮助大家很快识别倒装并还原。
常见的完全倒装结构:
(1) 副词here, there, then, now, next,等至于句首时:
Yourturn comesnow. Now comes your turn。
Edward and his wife came next. Next
came Edward and his wife。
A ticket for you is here. Here
is a ticket for you。
Notes: 主语为代词时,不用倒装
He comes now. Now he comes。
(2) 表地点的介词短语置于句首时:
An old man sat in front of thehouse. In front of the house sat an old man。
A beautiful lake lies at the foot ofthe hill. At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake。
Some students are sitting under thetree. Under the tree are sitting somestudents。
Notes: 主语为代词时,不用倒装
He came in again. In he came again。
He sat in front of thehouse. In front of the house he sat。
(3) 方位副词off, away, up, in, down等至于句首时:
The horse went off. Off
went the horse。
The prices went up. Up
went the prices。
The bird flew away. Away
flew the bird。
Notes: 主语为代词时,不用倒装
(4) 形容词/形容词短语/现在分词短语/过去分词短语做句子的表语位于句首时:(此时句中的谓语动词往往是系动词,包括be动词,持续系动词:keep, remain, stay等,感官系动词:feel, smell, sound, taste,变化系动词:become, go, get等。)
Mr. White and manyother friends were present at the meeting. Present at the meeting were Mr.White and many other friends。
Aboy was lying on the floor. Lyingon the floor was a boy。
接下来,给大家列举几个考研真题的例句,检测大家是否能一眼识别完全倒装结构:
a.Implicit within Taylor’sdefinition is the concept that culture islearned, shared, and patterned behavior. (2013年英译汉)
分析:这里是完全倒装,倒装结构是上述的(4):形容词短语(implicitwithin Taylor’s definition)作表语置于句首。
译文:泰勒对文化的定义隐含这样一层意思,即文化是一种学习、交流和模式化的行为。
b.At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Rossin 1992. (1997年阅读)
分析:这里是完全倒装,倒装结构是上述的(2):表地点的介词短语(atthe core of this debate)置于句首。
译文:这场争论的核心人物是现年56岁的主席GeraldLevin。他于1992年接替已故的Steve Ross。
c.Emerging from the 1980census is the picture of a nation developingmore and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast andMidwest reaches a near standstill。
分析:这里是完全倒装,倒装结构是上述的(4):现在分词短语(emergingfrom the 1980 census)作表语置于句首。
译文:1980年的人口普查显示,随着东北部和中西部人口发展几乎停顿,国家形成越来越多的地方性竞争。
以上便是英语的完全倒装及其常见的结构。倒装结构是考研英语难点之一,了解和掌握常见的倒装结构,可以帮助大家很快识别长难句中的倒装并还原为正常语序,从而肃清句子理解的障碍。
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