词义句意题是考研阅读的基本题型,虽然所占分值不高,但阅读中对于词语和句子的考查却无处不在,所以掌握这类题型的解题技巧对于同学提升阅读能力大有裨益!
1、 词义句意题命题形式,一般会出现引号加某个词或某一短语。如:
(1)The phrase (word, sentence) “...” (in line...) most probably means .
(2)By “...”, the wrier (probably ) means .
(3)What does the author probably mean by “...” in... paragraph?
(4)From the passage, we can infer that the word “...”is .等等
2、 考查分类:词义句意题考查范围一般分为两类。
(1)纲内词汇词义引申。考察同学对所熟悉的词汇在特定语境下正确含义的理解。这类题型能较好地考查考生对语言的领悟能力,具有较高的区分度,因此这类词汇在词汇短语题中考查的比重较大。对于这类词汇,一般而言,该词的本义不是解(这也可以应用到短语或谚语推断等题型),但仍然可以找到其引申意义的影子。
(2)纲外词汇词义的推断:根据上下句的逻辑关系进行推测。
3、解题技巧;
同学必须明确,不管所考的词语有多超纲,都能够通过上下文得出其意思;不管这个词有多熟悉,都必须通过上下文得出其在特定场合的意思。在克服畏惧心理的同时,也要避免直接用自己熟悉的意义去解释词义。对句子的理解也要通过前后关联的句子进行推测。比如利用前后的并列、转折关系、利用文中给出的定义或对它进行的重述、利用所举的例子进行归纳、利用同义/近义/反义词、利用特殊标点符号等等。
[2006 Text 4]People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery: They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.
The word “bummer”(Line 5, Paragraph 5) most probably means something________.
[A] religious [B] unpleasant [C] entertaining [D] commercial
分析:bummer的本意是流浪汉。但是考研文章中出现的生词一般都不会是原意,所以要根据上下文的逻辑关系来猜。由划线词bummer后面的too,可以断定bummer和它的上一句是并列关系。然后通过分析得知上一句是说,“在西方,在大众传媒和读写普及之前,最强大的大众媒介是教堂,它提醒信徒们,他们的灵魂处于危险之中,他们总有一天会成为蛆虫的食物”。后面一句是说,“知道了这些事情,他们不需要他们的艺术也做同样的事情”。所以根据并列关系,就可以推测出bummer的意思和B unpleasant 相近。
[2004 Text 1] Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again.
The expression “tip service” (Line 3—4, Paragraph 3) most probably means________.
[A] advisory [B] compensation [C] interaction [D] reminder
分析:tip 的意思很多,比如“顶端,小费,提示”等,但是考研文章中出现的生词一般都不会是原意,所以要根据上下文的逻辑关系来猜。由句中的分号,可判断上下两句之间的关系是并列。上一句提到,可以把代理当作一种tip service, 下一句则对这个词进行了解释:当你收到电子邮件时,把它当作是提醒再次检查资料库的提示,所以reminder和tip service 是前后呼应,互为其解。
最后,选出选项后一定要代入文章,看其是否与文中的语境、句子的结构相符,语义是否流畅来进行检验。
(责任编辑:科大科院考研网)