新东方名师：考研英语阅读理解例证题解题方法
作者：科大科院考研网 发表时间：2014-11-12 来源：科大科院考研网
考研英语大纲中关于阅读理解的部分对各位考生提出明确的要求，对应具体要求的内容，我们可以概括出考研阅读常见的六大题型，如图所示：
大纲要求
相应题型
主旨题
细节题
由上下文猜词
语义题
推断题
观点态度题
把握文章结构；区分论点论据
例证题
由于篇幅有限，接下来我们将重点放在例证题上，为考研的各位同学梳理解决例证题的实用方法。首先，我们需要掌握例证题的题干标志，根据历年真题的归纳，我们不难发现，题干中出现：example、case、demonstrate、illustrate、mention to show、intend to show、to refute、to explain、to criticize、to discuss、to exemplify、to describe等标志信息时，基本可定性为例证题。
其次，根据考纲的要求，例证题的意义并不在于例子本身内容的理解，而在于考查同学们把握篇章结构加区分论点论据的能力，因此，抓住观点句才是解题的关键。但是，客观来说，对于多数考生而言（尤其是基础薄弱的同学）把握篇章结构，明确定位观点句的难度较大，那么问题来了：如果读不出篇章结构，找不到观点句，还能解决例证题吗？Of course, we can！虽然观点难以定位，篇章结构不易理解，但例子本身的信息在文中却不难发觉。因此，我们需要做的工作就是把例子看懂，然后在选项辨识的过程中坚持所读非所选（将重现例子内容的选项排除），我们来做几道题：
42. Donovan’s story is mentioned in the text to ________.（2003 text1）
[A] introduce the topic of online spying
[B] show how he fought for the U.S.
[C] give an episode of the information war
[D] honor his unique services to the CIA
原文：Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game” of espionage -- spying as a “profession.” These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well.
解析：由题干中的Donovan’s story以及 mentioned可将题目定性为例证题，正确答案为A项，B项中的U.S.，C项中的information war以及D项中的CIA都明显是例子本身的视觉干扰。
31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that ________.（2006 Text3）
[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment
[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared
[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today
[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones
原文：When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.
解析：由题干中的The extinction of large prehistoric animals以及is noted to suggest可将题目定性为例证题，正确答案为C项，A项中的large animals，B项中的small species以及D项中的slow-growing都是例子本身的视觉干扰。
综上所述，虽然解决例证题核心思路在于定位相应的观点句，但是，找例子远比找观点容易，那么何不使用反向思维，把好找的例子读懂再将重现例子内容的选项排除呢？因此，所读非所选为解决例证题的关键思路。
练习：
21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to
（2007 Text1）
[A] stress the importance of professional training.
[B] spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.
[C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.
[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.
If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cuptournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.
36. George Washington’s dental surgery is mentioned to
（2008 Text4）
[A] show the primitive medical practice in the past.
[B] demonstrate the cruelty of slavery in his days.
[C] stress the role of slaves in the U.S. history.
[D] reveal some unknown aspect of his life.
In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw – having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.
(责任编辑：科大科院考研网)
