考研英语阅读理解出题点总结之首末端首末句
作者：科大科院考研网 发表时间：2014-12-11 来源：科大科院考研网
首末端首末句
(一)出题人命题思路破解
文章本无意，源自出题人。也就是说，一篇文章包括前期的选取加工处理改造，最后设计出题，均源自出题人。文章千奇百怪，形式千变万化，但是出题人的出题思路和考查目的却是万变不离其宗。因此，学习阅读理解的过程其实就是破解出题人思路的过程。换位思考尤为重要。也就是说，假如我们自己是出题人，又会考查学生什么样的阅读能力，然后通过什么形式来考查学生?
笔者认为，阅读理解最好的训练方法是自己拿一篇文章自己出五个问题。通过出题就一定可以理解出题人的出题用意和出题思路。不难发现，我们会按照以下思路考查学生。
第一、文章中心思想是什么;第二、文章作者态度是什么;第三、某一个单词、词组或者句子本身是什么意思;第四、作者说某句话的意思是什么;第五、某一问题出现的原因是什么;第六、作者列举某一例子的目的是什么或者为了说明什么问题;第七、从某一段落或文章中能推断出什么来;第八、下面哪个选项是正确的或是不正确的;第九、作者的写作手法是什么;第十、文章节选于哪里;第十一、文章下文会继续提到什么;第十二、作者暗示什么;第十三、读懂前后句关系。
(二)阅读理解常考点
通过对历年来考题的有效解析，我们总结出以下十个阅读理解常考点：
首末端首末句
(1)文章首段首末句往往出“主旨大意题”。因为，英语文章的开始往往会采取开门见山的形式提出文章的中心思想。有些时候会在首段末句出现转折词but、however、yet，则转折后所要表述的内容往往是文章的中心思想，因此通常成为出题人出题点。
【真题回放2010-Text1】
Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.
What would be the best title for the text?
[A] Newspapers of the Good Old Days
[B] The Lost Horizon in Newspapers
[C] Mournful Decline of Journalism
[D] Prominent Critics in Memory
(2)末端首末句，通常会对全文的说明和论证进行总结，由此也会成为考查点通常会用一些总括性的标志词如：all in all、in short、to conclude、in consequence、in summary、in a word、as a result、therefore、accordingly、thus等引导。
【真题回放2008-Text2】
① This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. ② Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report's authors. ③ There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. ④ There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. ⑤ Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. ⑥ All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.
30. Which of the following best summarizes the text?
[A] The Internet is posing a threat to publishers.
[B] A new mode of publication is emerging.
[C] Authors welcome the new channel for publication.
[D] Publication is rendered easier by online service.
(责任编辑：科大科院考研网)
