2014寒假考研词汇语法基础预热（第八天）
作者：科大科院考研网 发表时间：2014-05-04 来源：科大科院考研网
Day 8
核心词汇
audience n 听众，观众
单词记忆：aud( 听)+ i (连接字母，无意义)+ence (名词后缀)→听众，观众
proportion n比例;部分;面积;均衡
单词记忆：pro 前面+port(拿)+ion→成分其中一部分→[所占]比例
correlation n. [数] 相关，关联;相互关系
单词记忆：cor一起+relate关联+ion→成分其中一部分→相关，关联
connection n. 连接;关系;连接件
单词记忆：connect连接+ion→成分其中一部分→连接;关系;连接件
correspondence n. 通信;一致;相当
单词记忆：cor+respond反应+ence表示“性质”、“状态”、“行为”→共同反应→相互通信
secure一般是指安全感，而且形容词意思是"保险的".
单词记忆：se(see看) + cure(care用心)→用心照看是为了确保安全→安全的
assure 保证;担保.
单词记忆：as(加强) + sure(确定的)→vt. 保证;担保;
ensure“确保”，可以和它互换(有些权威人士说),就是要确保这事发生
单词记忆：en-to cause to become;to make 表示"使…进入状态"+sure“确信”→“确保”
issue vt. 发行，发布;发给;放出，排出
injure vt. 伤害，损害
damage vi. 损害;损毁;赔偿金
ruin vt废墟;毁坏;灭亡
Admit vt. 承认;准许进入;可容纳
acknowledge vt. 1. 承认，承认…的权威(或主张) 2. 告知收到,确认3. 对…表示谢忱
单词记忆：ac=ad=to+ know知识，知道+ledge知识，技能→告知， 承认
absorb vt. 吸收;吸引;承受;理解;使…全神贯注
单词记忆：ab(加强) +sorb(吸收)→vt. 吸收;吸引
consider vt. 考虑;认为;考虑到;细想 vi. 考虑;认为;细想
gloomy adj. 黑暗的;沮丧的;阴郁的
单词记忆：gloom(阴郁) +y(形容词后缀)→adj. 黑暗的;沮丧的;阴郁的
awkward adj. 尴尬的;笨拙的;棘手的;不合适的
单词记忆：awk(相反) +ward(朝向)→与常规相反的就是蹩脚的→笨拙的;棘手的;不合适的
tedious adj. 沉闷的;冗长乏味的
单词记忆：ted(=tend-延伸，冗长) +ious(形容词后缀)→adj. 沉闷的;冗长乏味的
command vi. 命令，指挥;控制 vt. 命令，指挥;控制;远望n.指挥，控制;命令;司令部
conviction n. 定罪;确信;证明有罪
单词记忆：convict证明有罪+ion→成分其中一部分→定罪;确信;证明有罪
consent vi. 同意;赞成;答应 n. 同意;(意见等的)一致;赞成
单词记忆：con(together) +sent(sense感觉)→相同的感觉→同意;赞成;答应
compromise vt. 妥协;危害 vi. 妥协;让步 n. 妥协，和解;折衷
单词记忆：com共同+pro向前+mis(走)+e(动词后缀) n. 协定;争论点→妥协;危害
element n. 元素;要素;原理;成分;自然环境
superior adj. 上级的;优秀的，出众的;高傲的n. 上级，长官;优胜者，高手;长者
单词记忆：super特级的+极好的+ior 输入/输出寄存器→上级的;优秀的，出众的;高傲的
advantageous adj. 有利的;有益的
单词记忆：advantage利益+ous(形容词后缀)→有利的;有益的
super adj. 特级的;极好的n. 特级品，特大号;临时雇员
beneficial adj. 有益的，有利的;可享利益的
单词记忆：bene利益，好处+fic做+ial形容词后缀→帮你做了很多好事→有益的，有利的
语法知识点
1. when 引导的状语从句
(1)when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用。例句：
Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one already?(get为短暂性动词)
你已经找到如此好的工作，为何还想再找新的?
(2)when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生。例句：
When he had finished his homework，he took a short rest.(finished先发生)
当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。
When I got to the airport，the guests had left.(got to后发生)
当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。
2. that 引导的宾语从句
名词从句作动词宾语时，前面的that常被省略，特别是在非正式语体中。例句：
I suggested (that) they should drive along the coast. 我建议他们沿着海岸开车。
I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我会成功。
3. which 引导的主语从句。例句
Which book they will choose is still unknown. 他们将选择哪本书仍然不被人知。
4.过去完成时和过去将来时
(1)过去完成时(past perfect tense)：强调的是过去某一动作或状态发生在另一动作前或过去某个时间常常用到的时态，或指在过去某个时间段已经发生的事情，它就是过去的过去。①表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的某种影响或结果，用来指定在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的一个事件。②过去某动作一直持续到现在将来可能还要延续下去。句中的动作发生在过去之前(过去的过去)，即过去完成时动作发生在过去的过去。例句： He said he had been to Beijing twice. 他说他已经去过北京两次。
(2)过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。即:过去将来时是“立足过去,着眼未来”的一种时态, 常用于宾语从句中。判断这种时态的依据是:要有表示过去的“动作”, 而不是时间。例句：I heard that they were going to return to Shanghai soon. 我听说他们不久要回到上海。
5. there be句型：表示的是 “某处有(存在)某人或某物”，其结构为There be (is，are，was, were )+名词+地点状语。例句：
There are fifty-two students in our class. 教室里有52个学生。
练习题
141. Michael found it difficult to get his British jokes ________ to American audiences.
[A] around [B] over [C] across [D] down
142. The book contained a large ________ of information.
[A] deal [B] amount [C] number [D] sum
143. Nowadays advertising costs are no longer in reasonable ________ to the total cost of the product.
[A] proportion [B] correlation [C] connection [D] correspondence
144. When she saw the clouds she went back to the house to ________ her umbrella.
[A] carry [B] fetch [C] bring [D] reach
145. We must ________ that the experiment is controlled as rigidly as possible.
[A] assure [B] secure [C] ensure [D] issue
146. He was knocked down by a car and badly ________.
[A] injured [B] damaged [C] harmed [D] ruined
147. They lost their way in the forest, and ________ made matters worse was that night began to fall.
[A] that [B] it [C] what [D] which
148. ________ my return, I learned that Professor Smith had been at the Museum and would not be back for several hours.
[A] At [B] On [C] With [D] During
149. Anyone who has spent time with children is aware of the difference in the way boys and girls respond to ________ situations.
[A] similar [B] alike [C] same [D] likely
150. There is not much time left; so I’ll tell you about it ________.
[A] in detail [B] in brief [C] in short [D] in all
151. In this factory, suggestions often have to wait for months before they are fully ________.
[A] admitted [B] acknowledged [C] absorbed [D] considered
152. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, ________ a sudden loud noise.
[A] being there [B] should there be [C] there was [D] there having been
153. By the year 2000, scientists probably ________ a cure for cancer.
[A] will be discovering [B] are discovering [C] will have discovered [D] have discovered
154. Jim isn’t ________, but he did badly in the final exams last semester.
[A] gloomy [B] dull [C] awkward [D] tedious
155. The boy slipped out of the room and headed for the swimming pool without his parents’ ________.
[A] command [B] conviction [C] consent [D] compromise
156. He had ________ on the subject.
[A] a rather strong opinion [B] rather strong opinion
[C] rather the strong opinion [D] the rather strong opinion
157. When Jane fell off the bike, the other children ________.
[A] were not able to help laughter [B] could not help but laughing
[C] could not help laughing [D] could not help to laugh
158. It is better to die on one’s feet than ________.
[A] living on one’s knees [B] live on one’s knees
[C] on one’s knees [D] to live on one’s knees
159. The most important ________ of his speech was that we should all work wholeheartedly for the people.
[A] element [B] spot [C] sense [D] point
160. This watch is ________ to all the other watches on the market.
[A] superior [B] advantageous [C] super [D] beneficial
(责任编辑：科大科院考研网)
