2014寒假考研词汇语法基础预热（第九天）
作者：科大科院考研网 发表时间：2014-05-04 来源：科大科院考研网
Day 9
核心词汇
assume vt. 承担;假定;采取;呈现 vi. 装腔作势;多管闲事
单词记忆：as加强意义 + sum拿，取 + e词尾→直接拿过来作为假设→假定(往往表达一种没有逻辑推理的假定)
accomplish vt. 完成;实现;达到
单词记忆：ac加强 + com全部 + pli满 + sh表完成的后缀→全部弄满→完成
attain vt. 达到，实现;获得;到达 vi. 达到;获得;到达 n. 成就
单词记忆：at 加强 + tain拿住→一再拿住→获得
(C) assemble vt. 集合，聚集;装配;收集 vi. 集合，聚集
单词记忆：as 加强 + semble 脸→相同的脸聚集在一起→(人群)聚集
typhoon n. [气象] 台风
单词记忆：(来自粤语)ty普通话tai (great大) + phoon(wind风) → 台风
promptly adv. 迅速地;立即地;敏捷地
单词记忆： pro 向前，预先 + empt (=take) 拿,获得 + ly(副词后缀)→先伸手拿走，动作敏捷→迅速地
presently adv. (美)目前;不久
单词记忆： pre前 + sen存在,实质 + ent表形容词 + ly(副词后缀)→存在于前面,放到前面→目前
(D) directly adv. 直接地
单词记忆： di 分开 + rect (=straight) 直+ ly(副词后缀)→分开排列成直线→直的→直接地
scarcely adv. 几乎不，简直不;简直没有
单词记忆：scarce缺乏的，罕见的 + ly(副词后缀)→简直没有
disguise vt. 掩饰;假装;隐瞒 n. 伪装;假装;用作伪装的东西
单词记忆：dis 相反，反对 + guise 外貌→伪装
vanish vi. 消失;突然不见;成为零 vt. 使不见，使消失
单词记忆：van 空 + ish 表完成的后缀→空空→消失了
abandon n. 狂热;放任 vt. 遗弃;放弃
单词记忆：a不 + ban禁止 + don→不禁止,随他去→放弃
scatter vi. 分散，散开;散射vt. 使散射;使散开，使分散;使散播，使撒播
单词记忆：scatter = spers，表示“散开”(B)
reject vt. 拒绝;排斥;抵制;丢弃 n. 被弃之物或人;次品
单词记忆：re回+ject扔→拒绝
powerful adj. 强大的;强有力的adv. 很;非常
单词记忆：power 力量 + ful(形容词词缀)满，量→强大的
influential adj. 有影响的;有势力的
单词记忆：in 进入+ fluent流的 + ial(形容词词缀)关于……的，有……的→adj.有影响的,有势力的
monstrous adj. 巨大的;怪异的;荒谬的;畸形的
单词记忆：monster 怪兽 + ous(形容词词缀)多的→怪异的
(A) vigorous adj. 有力的;精力充沛的
单词记忆：vigor 活动，精力，元气 + ous(形容词词缀)多的→adj. 精力充沛的
geologist n. 地质学家，地质学者
单词记忆：geo地 + log (=logy) 学科 + ist(名词后缀)信仰者、专家或人→地质学者
hardship n. 困苦;苦难;艰难险阻
单词记忆：hard 困难 + ship(名词后缀)某种关系，状态
otherwise adv. 否则;另外;在其他方面 adj. 另外的;其他方面的
单词记忆：other其他 + wise方向，状态→其他方面
civilization n. 文明;文化
单词记忆：civil 公民的，市民的，民用的 + ization(名词后缀)……化→文明,文化
focus n. 焦点;中心;清晰;焦距 vt. 使集中;使聚焦 vi. 集中;聚焦;调节焦距
fiction n. 小说;虚构，编造;谎言
单词记忆：fict (=fic) 做，制作 + ion(名词后缀)→做出的故事→小说
alarm n. 警报，警告器;惊慌 vt. 警告;使惊恐
单词记忆：al (=all) 全部 + arm (=weapon) 武器，臂→全部武器都拿上→警报状态→警报
interrupt vt. 中断;打断;插嘴;妨碍 vi. 打断;打扰 n. 中断
单词记忆：inter在……中间 + rupt断裂→讲话中间被打断→中断;打断
kilometer n n. [计量] 公里;[计量] 千米(等于kilometer)
单词记忆：kilo一千 + meter米→一千米,公里
investment n. 投资;投入;封锁
单词记忆：in进入 + vest投 + ment(名词后缀)→投进去的东西→投资
kindness n. 仁慈;好意;友好的行为
单词记忆：kind仁慈的 + ness(名词后缀)性质，状态→n仁慈,好意
poetry n. 诗;诗意，诗情;诗歌艺术
单词记忆：poet 诗人 + ry(名词后缀)行业、整体→一群诗人从事的行业→诗语法点
语法知识点
1. 情态动词表推测
(1)对现在、将来情况的推测，用情态动词+动词原形
对现在、将来情况的肯定推测：must+动词原形
对现在、将来情况的否定推测：can’t +动词原形
对现在、将来情况的可能推测：may/might +动词原形
例句：What is he doing?
He must be sleeping./He can’t be reading./ He may/might be reading but I’m not sure.
(2)对过去情况的推测，用情态动词+have done sth.
对过去情况的肯定推测：must+have done sth.
对过去情况的否定推测：can’t +have done sth.
对过去情况的可能推测：may/might +have done sth.
例句：It must / may / might / have rained last night. The ground is wet.
The door is locked. He cannot / may ( might ) not have been at home.
2. 部分倒装：否定词前置
(1)hardly/scarcely…when…
例句：Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
她刚一出门，一个学生就来拜访她。
(2)no sooner…than… 例句：
例句：No sooner had the game begun than it began to rain heavily.
比赛刚一开始就下起了雨。
3. 动词 ing 形式作独立主格结构：逻辑主语和主句主语不一致时采用。例句：
Time permitting, we will go for a picnic tomorrow. (=f time permits, we will go for a
picnic tomorrow.) 如果时间允许，我们明天会去野餐。
4. so...as to 结构：表示“如此......以至于......”。例句：
The girl was so excited as to shout herself hoarse. 那个女孩兴奋得喊哑了嗓子。
5. even if 引导的让步状语从句：“即使”。 例句：
Even if we achieve great success in our work, we should not be proud.
即使我们在工作中取得了巨大成绩，也不应该自满。
练习题
161. In a typhoon, winds ________ a speed greater than 120 kilometers per hour.
[A] assume [B] accomplish [C] attain [D] assemble
162.________ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.
[A] In spite of [B] But for [C] Because of [D] As for
163. Mary ________ my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.
[A] has received [B] ought to have received
[C] couldn’t have received [D] shouldn’t have received
164. ________ to speak when the audience interrupted him.
[A] Hardly had he begun [B] No sooner had he begun
[C] Not until he began [D] Scarcely did he begin
165. Anna was reading a piece of science , completely ________ to the outside world.
[A] being lost [B] having lost [C] losing [D] lost
166. The policemen went into action ________ they heard the alarm.
[A] promptly [B] presently [C] quickly [D] directly
167. The lost car of the Lees was found ________ in the woods off the highway.
[A] vanished [B] abandoned [C] scattered [D] rejected
168. Dress warmly, ________ you’ll catch cold.
[A] on the contrary [B] or rather [C] or else [D] in no way
169. Our research has focused on a drug which is so ________ as to be able to change brain chemistry.
[A] powerful [B] influential [C] monstrous [D] vigorous
170. Bob was completely ________ by the robber’s disguise.
[A] taken away [B] taken down [C] taken to [D] taken in
171. Difficulties and hardships have ________ the best qualities of the young geologist.
[A] brought out [B] brought about [C] brought forth [D] brought up
172. Our modern civilization must not be thought of as ________ in a short period of time.
[A] being created [B] to have been created [C] having been created [D] to be created
173. Even if they are on sale, these refrigerators are equal in price to, if not more expensive than, ________ at the other store.
[A] anyone [B] the others [C] that [D] the ones
174. The bank manager asked his assistant if it was possible for him to ________ the investment plan within a week.
[A] work out [B] put out [C] make out [D] set out
175. He knows little of mathematics, and ________ of chemistry.
[A] even more [B] still less [C] no less [D] still more
176. The students expected there ________ more reviewing classes before the final exam.
[A] is [B] being [C] have been [D] to be
177. I will give this dictionary to ________ wants to have it.
[A] whomever [B] someone [C] whoever [D] anyone
178. After having gone ________ far, George did not want to turn back.
[A] enough [B] much [C] such [D] that
179. ________ all our kindness to help her, Sarah refused to listen to us.
[A] At [B] For [C] In [D] On
180. Richard doesn’t think he could ever ________ what is called “free-style” poetry.
[A] take on [B] take over [C] take to [D] take after
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