2014寒假考研词汇语法基础预热（第十天）
作者：科大科院考研网 发表时间：2014-05-04 来源：科大科院考研网
Day 10
核心词汇
prefer 更喜欢，认为……胜过
单词记忆：pre预先+fer(=bring表示“带来，拿来”)→预先带来→更喜欢
lend v. 借, 增添, 贷款给; 贷款
in debt 负债, 欠情
goods n. 商品,物品; 货物
look after 照顾，目送
irritated adj. 恼怒的; 生气的
单词记忆：ir(使….成为，进入)+rit擦+ate(动词后缀)→进入磨擦→激怒
federal adj. 联邦的, 同盟的, 联合的
单词记忆：feder=league，表示“联盟”(=faith信任)+al(形容词后缀)→联邦的
conform v. 随潮流，趋同;遵守，服从(规则、法律等);相一致，相符合
单词记忆：con共同+form形式→形式共同→一致
abide v. 忍受, 容忍; 遵守; 等候; 持续; 逗留
sustain v. 支撑; 维持, 供养; 承受, 承担; 支援
单词记忆：sus下面+tain握住，撑住→在下面拿住[撑住]→支持
in case 万一
in effect 实际上;(法律)生效
long-awaited adj. 期待已久的
orbit n. 轨道, 眼眶, 常规 v. 绕...轨道而行; 进入轨道, 盘旋, 沿轨道飞行
单词记忆：orbit=circle，表示“圆圈”
observe v. 观察, 遵守, 观测; 注意, 评论
单词记忆：ob加强动作+serv(=serve, keep ,表示“服务，保持”)+e(词缀)→一直保持→遵守，引申为观察
available adj. 有空的，有用的;可取得的
单词记忆：a使+ail(= strong，表示“强壮”)+able(形容词词缀)→使….强壮→利用[力量]
burden n. 重负, 重担; 装载吨数, 吨位; 负担, 沉重的责任 v. 加重压于, 烦扰, 加负担于; 加负荷于, 使载重
单词记忆：b(=to bend 弯曲)+urb(= city ，表示“城市”)+en(使得……) →使城市弯曲→使载重
drift v. 漂, 漂流; 游荡; 渐渐趋向; 使漂流;
单词记忆：drive 驾驶+lift上 →在河上驾驶→漂流
guarantee v. 保证; 担保 n. 担保, 保证书, 抵押品
单词记忆：guard(保护 保证)+ant (名词后缀)+ee(人)
entrust v. 信托, 委托; 托管
单词记忆：en给予+trust→给予相信→委托
confirm v. 证实，确定; 使巩固; 批准
单词记忆：con(=fully加强性)+firm坚定→证实，确定;
assure v. 向...保证, 担保; 使确定; 使确信, 使放心; 确保, 保障
单词记忆：as(=fully)+sure确定→一再确定→肯定
dwell on 细想, 详述
hold on 继续, 不挂断, 停止
keep on 反复地做, 继续进行
engineer n. 工程师, 工兵
单词记忆：en(使动)+gine(产生，发生)+er(名词指人)
delivery n. 投递, 传送; 交付, 交货; 转让
单词记忆：deliver(交付，传递)+y(名词后缀)
trial n. 试验, 审讯, 考验
单词记忆：tri(=try尝试)+al(形容词后缀)
oxygen n. 氧
单词记忆：oxy(含氧的)+g+en(后缀)
vote n. 投票, 选票, 选举 v. 投票, 选举; 投票选举, 公认, 投票决定
单词记忆：当voc音变成vot v. 投票，表决(前人用民众喊叫声音的高低判断支持率大小)
语法知识点：
1.though/although引导的让步状语从句:although 和though表示 “尽管”，“虽然”。
例句：Although it was snowing, it was not very cold. 虽然下着雪，但并不很冷。
Though the ideal cure for noise is to stop it at its source, this may in many cases be impossible.
虽然消除噪音最理想的方法是在产生噪音的根源处加以制止，但在很多情况下，这也许是不可能的。
2.as引导的倒装句：可以表示 “尽管”，“虽然”，引导让步状语从句，但必须构成倒装，规则为：从句结尾的名词(不带冠词) 、动词原形、形容词或者副词置于从句开头。例句：
Much as I like you, I couldn’t live with you. 我尽管很喜欢你，却不能和你在一起生活。
3.If虚拟条件句if省略部分倒装：虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有 were, should 或 had, 可将 if 省略，再把 were, should 或 had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。例句：
They do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.
测试并不能弥补明显的社会不公;因此，它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境中成长的话，会有多大才干。
4.被动语态的用法：
(1)当施动者不明确或不必指出时，用被动语态。例句：
Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege. 才智被斥为一种权利或者特权。
(2)为了突出受动者，使用被动语态。例句：
The phrase was used by this country’s founders to denote equality before the law.
这句话被国家的缔造者说过，意思是法律面前人人平等。
5. whether 引导的状语从句构成的部分倒装：在 whether 引导的状语从句中，当省略whether时，系动词用原形be 的形式，并且提前至句首。这种表达用于正式文体。例句：
Be they common people or high-ranking officials, they stand equal before the law.
不管他们是普通百姓还是高级官员，他们在法律面前都是平等的。
练习题：
181. In the past men generally preferred that their wives ________ in the home.
[A] worked [B] would work [C] work [D] were working
182. I don’t want to lend any more money to him; he’s already in debt ________ me.
[A] to [B] for [C] of [D] with
183. The business of each day, ________ selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.
[A] it being [B] be it [C] was it [D] it was
184. Carey didn’t go to the party last night because she ________ the baby for her sister until 9:30.
[A] must have looked after [B] would have to look after
[C] had to look after [D] should have looked after
185. ________, he does get irritated with her sometimes.
[A] As he likes her much [B] Much though he likes her
[C] Though much he likes her(D) [D] Much as he likes her
186. Californians and New Englanders speak the same language and ________ by the same federal laws.
[A] stand [B] conform [C] abide [D] sustain
187. The vocabulary of any technical discussion may include words which are never used outside the subject or field ________.
[A] in view [B] in question [C] in case [D] in effect
188. The long-awaited Hubble Space Telescope, ________ to orbit the Earth next March, will observe some of the oldest stars in the sky.
[A] subject [B] owing [C] available [D] due
189. ________ of the burden of ice, the balloon climbed up and drifted to the South.
[A] To be free [B] Freeing [C] To free(D) [D] Freed
190. The patient has been ________ of the safety of the operation.
[A] assured [B] guaranteed [C] entrusted [D] confirmed
191. Will you ________ this passage to see if there is any misprint?
[A] look up [B] go over [C] dwell on [D] work out
192. The patients believe that the doctor knows exactly how to put them ________.
[A] correct [B] straight [C] right [D] well
193. Although he thought he was helping us prepare the dinner, he was actually ________ the way.
[A] in [B] by [C] off [D] on
194. If we believe something is good and true we should ________ to it.
[A] hold up [B] keep on [C] hold on [D] keep up
195. ________, more than 200 houses and buildings are heated by solar energy, not to mention the big cities in the region.
[A] Alone in the small town [B] In the small alone town
[C] In the alone small town [D] In the small town alone
196. The bank is reported in the local newspaper ________ in broad daylight yesterday.
[A] to be robbed [B] robbed [C] to have been robbed [D] having been robbed
197. The engineers are going through with their highway project, ________ the expenses have risen.
[A] even though [B] just because [C] now that [D] as though
198. Although we had told them not to keep us waiting, they made no ________ to speed up deliveries.
[A] trial [B] attempt [C] action [D] progress
199. Water will continue to be ________ it is today -- next in importance to oxygen.
[A] how [B] which [C] as [D] what
200. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ________ our chairman now.
[A] must have been [B] would have been [C] were [D] would be
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