2014寒假考研词汇语法基础预热（第十二天）
作者：科大科院考研网 发表时间：2014-05-04 来源：科大科院考研网
Day 12
核心词汇
powerful a.强大的，有力的，有权的;强壮(健)的
单词记忆：power (权力，力量)+ful (形容词后缀)
audience n.听众，观众，读者
单词记忆：aud (听)+i(连接字母，无意义)+ence (名词后缀)
excitement n.刺激，激动;令人兴奋的事，刺激的因素
单词记忆：excite (激动，兴奋) + ment (名词后缀)
expense n.价钱，花费，费;[ pl.]开支，业务费用
单词记忆：ex (出去) +pens (花费)
accord v..依照
单词记忆：ac (to 方向)+ cord (核心) 靠近核心
psychoanalyst n.精神分析专家
单词记忆：psycho (精神) + analyze (分析)+ ist (名词后缀，表示人)
wisdom n.明智，正确的判断;智慧，学问
单词记忆：wise (智慧) + dom (领域，状态)
maturity n.成熟
单词记忆：mature (成熟的) + ity (名词后缀，表状态性质)
fulfillment n.履行，实现，完成
单词记忆：fufill (履行，实现) + ment (名词后缀)
achievement n.成就，成绩;达到，完成，实现
单词记忆：achieve (获得，得到) + ment (名词后缀)
establishment n.建立，确立，确定;企业，机构;当权人物
单词记忆：establish (建立) + ment (名词后缀)
accomplishment n.完成;成就;才艺
单词记忆：accomplish (完成) + ment (名词后缀)
deduce vt.推论，推断，演绎
单词记忆：de-(=down 向下)+ducere(=to lead 引导)
survey n./ vt.调查;测勘;全面审视，概括论述
单词记忆：sur (超过) + vey (观看，看见)
reveal vt.揭露，泄露;展现，显示
单词记忆：re (反)+veal[=veil] (盖上)→反盖上→不让盖上→揭露.
illiteracy n. 一窍不通
单词记忆：il (否定前缀) + liter (letter) +a (过渡音节)+cy (名词后缀)
harbor n.海港，港口 vt.庇护，藏匿;心怀(怨恨等)
generalizev.概括，归纳，推断
单词记忆：general (整体的) + ize (动词后缀)
resentment n.忿恨
单词记忆：resent (憎恨) +ment (名词后缀)
privilege n.特权，优惠
单词记忆：privi (私人的) + leg (法律)
deprive vt.(of)剥夺，使丧失
单词记忆：de (away)+priv (私人的)
restrict vt.限制，约束，限定
单词记忆：re (一再，重新) + srict (拉紧)
reject vt.拒绝;退回，摈弃 n.不合格产品
单词记忆：re(回)+ject (扔，抛)→扔回来→拒绝
deny vt.否认，不承认;拒绝给予，拒绝要求
incidentally ad.顺便说及地，顺便提一句
单词记忆：in(进入)+cid(落入)+ent(事情)→落入我们生活中的事情
accidentally ad.偶然地
单词记忆：ac +cid (切) + ent (名词后缀)=去切
occasionally ad.偶然地;非经常地
单词记忆：oc(使)+cas(落下)+ion→使…落下→事情发生
subsequently a.其次，接着
单词记忆：sub 后+sequ跟随+ent-->随在后面的
vitamin n.维生素
单词记忆：vit (生命)+a+min (素)→生命要素→维生素
prefer vt.更喜欢，宁愿
cultivate vt.耕作，栽培，养殖;培养，陶冶，发展
单词记忆：cult (耕种，培养)+ivate表动词
manufacture vt./ n.(大量)制造，制造业[ pl.]产品
单词记忆：man手+fact制造=大批量制造
pack v.捆扎，打包;塞满 n.包，(一)群，(一)副
inconvenient a.不方便的
furnace n.熔炉，火炉
proficiency n.熟练，精通
单词记忆：pro 前+fic (做)+iency
achieve vt.完成，实现，达到 vi.成功
mysterious a.神秘的，难以理解的;诡秘的
单词记忆：myst (雾，模糊)+ rious (形容词后缀)
sweep v.扫，拂(去);掠过 n.打扫;挥动
scarcity n.缺乏;不足;稀少
invalidity n.不正确
单词记忆：in 不+val (强壮)+idity (名词后缀)
variety n.品种，种类;变化，多样化
opportunity n.机会，时机
obtain vt.获得，得到 vi.通用，流行，存在
单词记忆：ob(toward)+ tain(抓住)
intelligent ad.聪明地;理智地
语法知识点
1.情态动词can 的用法
⑴ 表示能力：Let me have a try. I think I can fix it. 让我来试试看，我想我能修理它。
⑵ 表示可能性：What's the worst thing that can happen? 可能发生的最糟糕的事情是什么?
⑶ 表示允许：Can I park my car here? 我能把车停在这儿吗?
2. which引导的非限定性定从：which 引导的非限定性定语从句不仅可以修饰单个名词，还可以修饰整个主句。例句：
They said they were French, which wasn’t true. 他们自称是法国人，可实际上是在撒谎。
3. before引导的时间状语从句：表示“在……之前”。例句：
We had to sign a yellow-dog contract before they’d hire us.在他们雇用我们之前，我们不得不签署了一份“黄犬协约”。
4. By the time引导的时间状语从句，表示“到......时候为止”。例句：
By the time I finished my article, a new day had dawned. 到我写完文章的时候，新的一天已经破晓。
5.介词+which引导的定语从句。例句：
This is the factory in which we once worked. 这是我们曾经工作过的工厂。
练习题
221. A really powerful speaker can ________ the feelings of the audience to the fever of excitement.
[A] work out [B] work over [C] work at [D] work up
222. Before the students set off, they spent much time setting a limit ________ the expenses of the trip.
[A] to [B] about [C] in [D] for
223. According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, wisdom comes from the ________ of maturity.
[A] fulfillment [B] achievement [C] establishment [D] accomplishment
224. From the tears in Nedra’s eyes we can deduce that something sad ________.
[A] must have occurred [B] would have occurred [C] might be occurring [D] should occur
225. You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting ________ you don’t mind taking the night train.
[A] provided [B] unless [C] though [D] until
226. Hardly a month goes by without ________ of another survey revealing new depths of scientific illiteracy among U.S. citizens.
[A] words [B] a word [C] the word [D] word
227. If you ________ Jerry Brown until recently, you’d think the photograph on the right was strange.
[A] shouldn’t contact [B] didn’t contact [C] weren’t to contact [D] hadn’t contacted
228. Some teenagers harbor a generalized resentment against society, which ________ them the rights and privileges of adults, although physically they are mature.
[A] deprives [B] restricts [C] rejects [D] denies
229. I must go now. ________, if you want that book I’ll bring it next time.
[A] Incidentally [B] Accidentally [C] Occasionally [D] Subsequently
230. There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, ________ they can limit how much water you drink.
[A] much more than [B] no more than [C] no less than [D] any more than
231. Though ________ in San Francisco, Dave Mitchell had always preferred to record the plain facts of small-town life.
[A] raised [B] grown [C] developed [D] cultivated
232. Most electronic devices of this kind, ________ manufactured for such purposes, are tightly packed.
[A] that are [B] as are [C] which is [D] it is
233. As for the winter, it is inconvenient to be cold, with most of ________ furnace fuel is allowed saved for the dawn.
[A] what [B] that [C] which [D] such
234. Achieving a high degree of proficiency in English as a foreign language is not a mysterious ________ without scientific basic.
[A] process [B] practice [C] procedure [D] program
235. We cannot always ________ the wind, so new windmills should be so designed that they can also be driven by water.
[A] hang on [B] count on [C] hold on [D] come on
236. The storm sweeping over this area now is sure to cause ________ of vegetables in the coming days.
[A] rarity [B] scarcity [C] invalidity [D] variety
237. By the time you arrive in London, we ________ in Europe for two weeks.
[A] shall stay [B] have stayed [C] will have stayed [D] have been staying
238. I appreciated ________ the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.
[A] having been given [B] having given [C] to have been given [D] to have given
239. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, ________ obtaining water is not the least.
[A] of which [B] for what [C] as [D] whose
240. The heart is ________ intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.
[A] not so [B] not much [C] much more [D] no more
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