2014寒假考研词汇语法基础预热（第十三天）
作者：科大科院考研网 发表时间：2014-05-04 来源：科大科院考研网
Day 13
核心词汇
initial a.开始的 n.[ pl.](姓名等的)首字母
endure vt.忍受，容忍 vi.忍受，忍耐;持久
单词记忆：en 进入+dure (持续) 进入持久耐久
insistence n.坚持，强求
单词记忆：in (向内)+sist (站立)+ence (名词后缀)
frame n.镜框;构架 vt.镶框;陷害;制定
analyze vt.分析，细察，细查
单词记忆：ana-前缀：分开，lyze=loose-解开→分开、解开→分解
calculation n.计算;考虑，预料
单词记忆：calcu (计算) + ation (名词后缀)
involve vt.包含，含有;使卷入，使参于;牵涉
单词记忆：in (进入)+volve(转，卷)
frost n.霜冻，严寒天气;霜，白霜 v.结霜(于)
artificial a.人工(造,为)的;假的,模拟的
单词记忆：artifice技巧+ial→用技巧做出的→人工的
portray vt.描写，描绘;扮演，饰演
单词记忆：por (前面)+ tray (托盘)
anxiety n.焦虑,挂虑;渴望,热望
perceive vt.感知，感觉，察觉;意识到，理解
单词记忆：per (每) + ceive (做事情)
favor n.好感;赞同;好事 vt.赞同，喜爱;有利于
fascinate vt.强烈地吸引，迷住
fiction n.小说
irrelevant a.无关的
单词记忆：ir (否定前缀) + relevant (相关的)
hydrogen n.氢
fundamental a.基本(础)的 n.[ pl.]基本原则(法则)
单词记忆：fundament (基础) + al (形容词后缀)
element n.元素;成分[ pl.]基础，纲要，原理
block n.大楼;街区;障碍(物) vt.堵塞;妨碍
determine, vt.确定;决定;使下决心 vi.下决心
单词记忆：de加强动作+termine (界限)→加强界限→下决心
stimulate vt.刺激，激励
单词记忆：stimu (刺激) + ate (动词后缀)
atmosphere n.大气，大气层;空气;气氛
单词记忆：at-在，mo-more，sphere-球，地球
actual a.实际的，事实上的，真实的
单词记忆：act(行动，起作用) +ual(al的变体，形容词词尾)
apparent a.显然的,明白的;表面上的,貌似地
单词记忆：ap +par ( 看见) +ent→再能看见→显而易见
sympathetical a.体谅的;(to)赞同的;和谐的
单词记忆：sym (类似) + pathy (同情)
senior a.地位高的;年长的 n.年长者;毕业班学生
librarian n.图书馆馆长或馆员
单词记忆：libr (书) + ian 名词后缀
circulation n.循环，流通;传播，发行;发行量
单词记忆：circ (圆圈，环) + ula + (tion 名词尾缀)
observation n.观察;评论[ pl.]观察资料;观察力
单词记忆：observe (观察)+ation (名词后缀)
preschool n. 学前
词汇单词记忆：pre (之前) + school (学校)
语法知识点
1. in spite of引导的让步状语从句：in spite of the fact… “尽管......”， 语气比despite 更强烈。例句：
In spite of the fact that the he is already over 70, he is learning to drive.
尽管已年界70，他仍然在学习开车。
2. If引导的虚拟条件句，if省略部分倒装
在虚拟语气的条件句中，可以构成部分倒装。如果条件句中有were, had, should 等助动词，可将if 省略，而把were, had 或should 置于句首构成部分倒装。例句：
Were it to rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off.=If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off. 万一明天下雨，运动会就会被推迟。
3. 固定句型：It is (no)… enough for sb. to do sth. “不够…… 不足以……”。例句：
The water is not warm enough for the baby to drink. 水不够热，婴儿不能喝。(水没有热到婴儿可以喝的地步)
4. as long as (so long as)引导的条件状语从句: “只要……, 就……”。例句：
I will cooperate as long as I am notified on time. 只要及时告诉我，我就会合作。
5. “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，可能存在以下三种情况：
(1)依照先行词的要求，引导词之前带介词。例句：
The speaker posed four highly important questions, the answer to which proved very illuminating. 演讲者提出了四个很重要的问题，这些问题的答案具有很强的启发性。
(2)由于从句中某个词的要求，引导词之前带介词。例句：
Humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live. 人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境。
(3)出于语义表达的需要，引导词之前带介词。例句：
He gave me some oranges, two of which were green. 他给了我一些橘子，有两个是绿的。
练习题
241. ________ the fact that his initial experiments had failed, Prof. White persisted in his research.
[A] Because of [B] As to [C] In spite of [D] In view of
242. Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it ________ in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.
[A] is to be analyzed [B] has been analyzed [C] be analyzed [D] should have been analyzed
243.The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, ________ all practical value by the time they were finished.
[A] could lose [B] would have lost [C] might lose [D] ought to have lost
244.No bread eaten by man is so sweet as ________ earned by his own labour.
[A] one [B] that [C] such [D] what
245.It isn’t cold enough for there ________ a frost tonight, so I can leave Jim’s car out quite safely.
[A] would be [B] being [C] was [D] to be
246. Scientists generally agree that the Earth’s climate will warm up over the next 50 to 100 years ________ it has warmed in the 20,000 years since the Ice Age.
[A] as long as [B] as much as [C] as soon as [D] as well as
247. Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed ________.
[A] had produced [B] have been produced [C] would have produced [D] had been produced
248. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer than ________ in the public mind today.
[A] exists [B] exist [C] existing [D] existed
249. The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds ________ his argument in favor of the new theory.
[A] which to base on [B] on which to base [C] to base on which [D] which to be based on
250. ________ can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.
[A] Everybody [B] Anybody [C] Somebody [D] Nobody
251. How many of us ________, say, a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be interested in the discussion?
[A] attended [B] attending [C] to attend [D] have attended
252. Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe ________ it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced.
[A] so that [B] but that [C] in that [D] provided that
253. We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style ________ in a personal one.
[A] rather than [B] other than [C] better than [D] less than
254. ________ is generally accepted, economical growth is determined by the smooth development of production.
[A] What [B] That [C] It [D] As
255. It is believed that today’s pop music can serve as a creative force ________ stimulating the thinking of its listeners.
[A] by [B] with [C] at [D] on
256 Just as the soil is a part of the earth, ________ the atmosphere.
[A] as it is [B] the same as [C] so is [D] and so is
257. Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records are often ________, or better than an actual performance.
[A] as good as [B] as good [C] good [D] good as
258. My pain ________ apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically: “Are you feeling all right?”
[A] must be [B] had [C] must have been [D] had to be
259. The senior librarian at the circulation desk promised to get the book for me ________ she could remember who last borrowed it.
[A] ever since [B] much as [C] even though [D] if only
260. Observations were made ________ the children at the beginning and at the end of preschool and first grade.
[A] towards [B] of [C] on [D] with
(责任编辑：科大科院考研网)
