2014寒假考研词汇语法基础预热（第十四天）
作者：科大科院考研网 发表时间：2014-05-04 来源：科大科院考研网
Day 14
核心词汇
observation n. 观察;观察力;注意;观察报告
单词记忆：ob加强动作+serve→直保持遵守，引申为观察→观察
description n. 描述;形容;种类;类型
单词记忆：de 表示加强性+script写+ion名词后缀→描写，形容
contrast n.对比，对照;差异;对照物，对立面;[摄]反差vi.对比;形成对照vt.使对照，使对比;和……形成对照
单词记忆：contra相反+st站立→站在对面→contrast对比，对照。
analysis n. 分析，分解;梗概，要略;[数]解析;验定
单词记忆：ana=along 沿着+ lyse,lyze,lyte→解开→沿着思维解开→ 分析
potential adj. 潜在的，有可能的;
单词记忆：poten(powerful，表示“有力的，potent 强有力的)→ potential由“能力”→潜力
identify vt. 识别，认出;确定;使参与;把……看成一样 vi. 确定;认同
单词记忆：ident(识别)+ify使动后缀→使记忆和印象一致→识别，认出
register n.登记，注册;记录;登记薄;自动记录器vt.登记，注册;(仪表等)指示;表示，表达;(感情)流露vi.登记，注册;留下印象;完全符合;[印刷]对齐
单词记忆：re又，再+gist抓住，找出+er表物→使人能够迅速地再次查找的名录→register登记簿，由此引申出记录，注册
participant n. 参加者，参与者;与会代表;参与国;关系者 adj. 参加的;有关系的
单词记忆：part 部分+ i连接词，无实意+cip拿 +ant表人→原指每个人各拿一部分→参与者，参加者
communication n. 通讯，通信;交流;书信;传达
单词记忆：common共同的，通的→语言相通→communicate交流，由此引申出传播，传达
attentiveness n. 周到，注意力，专心致志
单词记忆：at=ad=to +tent 注意+ive加强性后缀+ness名词后缀→注意力
involvement n. 牵连，参与;加入;财政困难;牵连的事务，复杂的情况
单词记忆：in=into里面+volve 旋转+ment名词后缀→把事物转到里面→牵连
remark n. 注意，观察;话语;评论，谈论， vt.& vi. 评论;觉察
单词记忆：re(fully)+mark(说话，标记)→注意，评论
characteristic adj. 特有的;独特的;表示特性的;显示……的特征的 n. 特性，特征，特色，[数](对数的)首数;独特性;性质
单词记忆：character特性+istic具有特征的→characteristic表现…特征的，特有的
security n. 安全;保证，担保;保护，防护;有价证券 adj. 安全的，保安的，保密的
单词记忆：se=away离开+cur心，照顾+ity 性质或者状态的名词后缀→离开照看的，不用照看的→安全，保证;(经济)有价证券
aluminum n. <美>铝
单词记忆：a表强调+lum光+in后缀，表化学+ium表化学元素→aluminium铝(以其光亮的颜色命名)
oxygen n. [化]氧，氧气
单词记忆：oxy 酸+gen(产生) →酸能产生氧气→氧
combine v. 使结合;使化合;兼有;用联合收割机收割 n. 联合;联合收割机;联合集团;组合艺术品(由画，拼贴和构成派雕塑等拼凑而成的艺术品)
单词记忆：com一起+bine(=bind)绑缚→绑在一起→combine(使)联合，(使)结合
picnic n.野餐郊游;供野餐吃的食品;猪的肩肉;轻松的工作vi.去野餐，参加野餐;野餐式地用餐;在户外用餐vt.用野餐招待
单词记忆：从地上拾取(pick)食物→picnic野餐
occupy vt. 占领;使用，住在……;使从事，使忙碌;任职
单词记忆：oc完全+cup抓住→抓住并完全占有对方的一切→occupy占领
improvement n. 改进，改善，改良，增进，进步;(美)装修，改良措施;利用，活用;更优秀的人，更进步的人
单词记忆：im(=in)入+prov探查→进一步深入探查以求改进→improve改善，改进
medical adj. 医学的;医药的;医疗的;内科的 n. 体格检查
单词记忆：med修理+ic+al形容词后缀→修理疾病的→医学的
astronomy n. 天文学
单词记忆：astro(=star)星星，由星星引申出星际、宇宙+nomy表学科→研究宇宙的学科→天文学
ignorant adj. 无知的，愚昧的;由无知引起的;无学识的
单词记忆：i不+gnor(e)知道+ant形容词后缀→不知道的→无知的
inaccurate adj. 有错误的;不精密的;不正确的;不准确
单词记忆：in(not)+ac(to)+cur(中心的)+ate(形容词后缀)→不是中心的，不准确的
dissatisfy vt. 使不满意，使不满足;使失望
单词记忆：dis(not)+satis满的+fy动词使动后缀→不满意的
reconcile vt. 使和好，使和解;调停，排解(争端等);[宗]使(场所等)洁净;[船]使(木板)接缝平滑
单词记忆：re再+con一起，共同+cil说话→本义是反复把大家叫到一起来说和→reconcile使和解，使和谐，使顺从
trivial adj. 琐碎的，无价值的;平常的，平凡的;不重要的;[生]种的
单词记忆：tri(三)+vi(a)路→trivial本义是三叉路，那就不是主要路，引申为琐碎的，价值不高的，微不足道的
apologize vi. 道歉，认错;辩解，辩护
单词记忆：apo对着+log说话+ize/ise动词后缀→对着当事人说出、承认自己的错误→道歉
语法知识点
1.given引导的原因状语从句：这个词与since相近，它们都有“鉴于某个事实，考虑到……”的意思。同类型的词还有：seeing (that),now (that),considering (that).例句：
Given that they are inexperienced, they’ve done a good job. 考虑到他们缺乏经验的情况，他们 已经做得很不错了。
2. nowhere否定词前置引导的倒装句:否定词nowhere至于主语前，句子采用部分倒装。例句：
Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West. (句子正常语序为：1980 census statistics dramatize…)
1980年人口普查显示美国人追求更广阔的生存空间而迁往边远西部。
3.短语做状语 (much)to one’s disappointment/surprise：引导结果状语从句。例句：
Much to my surprise the door was unlocked. 使我大为吃惊的是，门没有锁。
Much to my regret I am unable to accept your invitation. 很抱歉，我不能接受你的邀请。
4.but引导的并列句。例句：
Before he began to work, he didn’t get higher education, but he went to a technical school.(由并列连词but引导的并列句加上从属连词before引导的时间状语从句构成的并列复合句。)
5.so that...引导的结果状语从句，表示“因此”“以至于”。 例句：
Nothing more was heard from him so that we began to wonder if he was dead. 再也没听到他的消息，因此我们有些怀疑他是否死了。
练习题
261. The article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports, each ________ one major point in contrast with the other.
[A] makes [B] made [C] is to make [D] making
262. A safety analysis ________ the target as a potential danger. Unfortunately, it was never done.
[A] would identify [B] will identify [C] would have identified [D] will have identified
263. The number of registered participants in this year’s marathon was half ________.
[A] of last year’s [B] those of last year’s [C] of those of last year's [D] that of last year’s
264. For there ________ successful communication, there must be attentiveness and involvement in the discussion itself by all present.
[A] is [B] to be [C] will be [D] being
265. There was a very interesting remark in a book by an Englishman that I read recently ________ what he thought was a reason for this American characteristic.
[A] giving [B] gave [C] to give [D] given
266. No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything ________ going on in the world.
[A] it is [B] as is [C] there is [D] what is
267. The Social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds; ________ could go penniless by next year.
[A] the larger one [B] the larger of which [C] the largest one [D] the largest of which
268. Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to its always ________ with other elements, most commonly with oxygen.
[A] combined [B] having combined [C] combine [D] being combined
269. Andrew, my father’s younger brother, will not be at the picnic, ________ to the family’s disappointment.
[A] much [B] more [C] too much [D] much more
270. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I ________ fully occupied the whole of last week.
[A] were [B] had been [C] have been [D] was
271. Help will come from the UN, but the aid will be ________ near what’s needed.
[A] everywhere [B] somewhere [C] nowhere [D] anywhere
272. The chief reason for the population growth isn’t so much a rise in birth rates ________ a fall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care.
[A] and [B] as [C] but [D] or
273. He claims to be an expert in astronomy, but in actual fact he is quite ignorant on the subject. ________ he knows about it is out of date and inaccurate.
[A] What little [B] So much [C] How much [D] So little
274.Although we feel dissatisfied with the election results, we have to become reconciled ________ the decision made by our fellow countrymen.
[A] for [B] on [C] to [D] in
275. Just as the value of a telephone network increases with each new phone ________ to the system, so does the value of a computer system increase with each program that turns out.
[A] adding [B] to have added [C] to add [D] added
276. The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly ________.
[A] noticed [B] to be noticed [C] being noticed [D] to notice
277. I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time ________ the last bus.
[A] to have caught [B] to catch [C] catching [D] having caught
278. As it turned out to be a small house party, we ________ so formally.
[A] needn’t dress up [B] did not need have dressed up [C] did not need dress up [D] needn’t have dressed up
279. I apologize if I ________ you, but I assure you it was unintentional.
[A] offend [B] had offended [C] should have offended [D] might have offended
280. Although a teenager, Fred could resist ________ what to do and what not to do.
[A] to be told [B] having been told [C] being told [D] to have been told
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