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2014寒假考研词汇语法基础预热(第十五天)
 

  Day 15
  核心词汇
  agricultural adj. 农业的;农艺的
  单词记忆: agriculture(农业)+al(形容词后缀)→缺少缺乏
  shortage n. 缺乏,缺少;不足
  单词记忆:short (短的;不足的;矮的,低的)+age 名词后缀→缺少缺乏
  avoid vt. 避免;避开,躲避;消除
  单词记忆:a(否定)+void(empty)→避免(出去外面而变得空虚避免)
  improve vt. 改善,增进;提高…的价值vi. 增加;变得更好
  单词记忆:im(加强)+prove (better)→ 变得更好→改善,增进;提高
  score n. 分数;二十 vt. 获得;评价;划线,把…记下vi. 得分;记分;刻痕
  possible adj. 可能的;合理的;合适的n. 可能性;合适的人;可能的事物
  professional adj. 专业的;职业的;职业性的n. 专业人员;职业运动员
  单词记忆:pro (前面)+fess (说)+ion(名词后缀)+al(形容词后缀)→站在前面讲话的人(如教授)是专业的人士---专业的;职业的
  reeducate vt. 再教育;重新教育;再培训
  单词记忆:re再+e(ex=out)+duc(lead)+ate动词后缀→再次引出资质→再教育
  friendship n. 友谊;友爱;友善
  单词记忆:friend+ship(古英语的-scipe变来的,表样子)→朋友的样子→友谊
  chairmanship n. 主席的身份或资格
  单词记忆:chair议长的座位+ship(状态名词后缀)→主席的身份或资格
  insufficient adj. 不足的,不充足的n. 不足
  单词记忆:in(否定)+sufficient 充足的→不充足的
  popular adj. 流行的,通俗的;受欢迎的;大众的;普及的
  单词记忆:popul(people 民众)+ar (形容词后缀)→民众的,流行的
  timely adj. 及时的;适时的adv. 及时地;早
  单词记忆:time 时间+ly (加形容词作副词,加名词成形容词)-及时的
  thrive vi. 繁荣,兴旺;茁壮成长
  单词记忆:th(同s表示强调)+rive(river)→古代文明都是沿河房展的,河水充沛的地方,庄稼就长得壮---繁荣,兴旺;茁壮成长
  assertion n. 断言,声明;主张,要求;坚持
  单词记忆:as(加强) + sert (说)+ion →肯定的说---断言,声明;主张,要求;坚持
  economic adj. 经济的,经济上的;经济学
  单词记忆:eco(house)+nom(managing)+ic 形容词后缀→经济上的,经济学的
  recovery n. 恢复,复原;痊愈;重获
  单词记忆:re(back)+cover(覆盖)+y(加强性名词后缀)→重新覆盖到健康的领域→恢复,复原
  untrue adj. 不真实的;不合标准的;不忠实的;不正当的
  单词记忆:un (否定前缀)+true (正确,正当)→不正当繁荣,不真实的
  harmful adj. 有害的;能造成损害的
  单词记忆:harm(伤害)+ful (充满)→有害的
  automobile . 汽车
  单词记忆:auto(self)+mobile (移动)→自己移动的机械—汽车
  blame vt. 责备;归咎于n. 责备;责任;过失
  单词记忆:发音记忆(不累母)→别人怪你不应该让母亲受累→责备;归咎于
  decline n. 下降;衰退;斜面vi. 下降;衰落;谢绝vt. 谢绝;婉拒
  单词记忆:de-(down )+clin(bend)+e =向下弯曲→倾斜,衰退
  conversation n. 交谈;会话;社交
  单词记忆:con (together)+vers(turn)转移,改变,转向+ation(名词后缀)
  vague adj. 模糊的;含糊的;不明确的;暧昧的
  单词记忆: vag(wander徘徊)+ue(后缀)→原指说话时漫游而思想不集中→意思含糊的)
  discover vt. 发现;发觉vi. 发现
  单词记忆:dis(deprive of )+cover →发现(使失去掩盖)
  principle n. 原理,原则;主义,道义;本质,本义;根源,源泉
  单词记忆:prin(first)+cip(to take)+le(line准绳)→第一的东西→拿出自己最终于的做事准绳→原理,原则
  participation n. 参与;分享;参股
  单词记忆:part(part)+tion (名词后缀)→参与,分享
  modification n. 修改,修正;改变
  单词记忆:mod(manner)+ify(make)+c+ation (名词后缀)→变更,修饰
  ceremony n. 典礼,仪式;礼节,礼仪;客套,虚礼
  单词记忆:cere(cereal谷物) +momy(ment 的变位仪式,有礼貌的行为)→最早的典礼是为了庆祝谷物的丰收→典礼,仪式;礼节
  attend vt. 出席;上(大学等);照料;招待;陪伴vi. 出席;致力于;照料;
  单词记忆:at(to)+tend (stretch)伸展→(周围充满气息) 参加
  solution n. 解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答
  单词记忆: solu (-loosen 松开)+tion(名词后缀)→溶剂松散的分布于水中→溶液;溶解
  independent adj. 独立的;单独的;无党派的;不受约束的n. 独立自主者;
  单词记忆:in (not) +depend(依靠)+ent (形容词后缀)→不依靠的→独立的;单独的
  compliment n. 恭维;称赞;问候;致意;道贺vt. 恭维;称赞
  单词记忆:com (with)+pli(full)+ment(名词后缀)→说圆满的话→道贺(使对方满足的东西)
  restriction n. 限制;约束;束缚
  单词记忆:re(back)+strict(draw tight)+ion (名词后缀)→限制,约束
  proposal n. 提议,建议;求婚
  单词记忆:pro(before)+pos(put )+al(名词后缀)
  digital adj. 数字的;手指的n. 数字;键
  单词记忆:digit (数字)+al(名词,形容词后缀)→数字的,数字
  appreciate vt. 欣赏;感激;领会;鉴别vi. 增值;涨价
  单词记忆:ap(to)+preci(price)+ate(动词后缀)→升值,涨价
  agitate vt. 摇动;骚动;使…激动vi. 煽动
  单词记忆:ag(act)+ it(加强)+ate(动词后缀)→让你动起来--使…激动vi. 煽动
  rush n. 冲进;匆促;急流;灯心草adj. 急需的vt. 使冲;突袭;匆忙地做;
  单词记忆:ru(run)+sh(ish完成性东西后缀)→ 冲进;匆促;急流
  locked adj. 上锁的;不灵活的;下定决心的
  单词记忆:lock (锁着)+ed(形容词后缀)→上锁的
  leisure n. 闲暇;空闲;安逸adj. 空闲的;有闲的;业余的
  单词记忆:leis(lax放松)+ure(名词后缀)→闲暇;空闲;安逸
  cancer n. 癌症;恶性肿瘤
  单词记忆:谐音记忆(看色),古代有谈虎色变,现在是谈癌色变。
  contract vi. 收缩;感染;订约vt. 感染;订约;使缩短n. 合同;婚约
  单词记忆:con (together)+tract(draw)→起向里拉→收缩
  insurance n. 保险;保险费;保险契约;赔偿金
  单词记忆:in (into )+sur(sure)+ance(名词后缀)→使安全,使保险的的东西→保险
  entitle vt. 称做…;定名为…;给…称号;使…有权利
  单词记忆:en(in )+title(名号)→使有资格,定名为
  delivery. n. [贸易] 交付;分娩;递送
  单词记忆:deliver(递送)+y(名词后缀)→交付;递送
  语法知识点
  1. if 引导的条件状语从句。例句:
  If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天来了,春天还会远吗?
  2. doing短语作伴随状语。例句:
  All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem.他整夜躺在床上睡不着,思考着那个问题。
  3. 状语从句的省略:分词做状语。例句:
  Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. (在英文中,being done结构往往表示原因。这里being interested 也不例外,作原因状语)
  由于沃尔夫对语言与思维的关系很感兴趣,这使他逐渐形成了这样的观点:在一个社会中,语言的结构决定习惯思维的结构。
  4.不定式引导结果状语:若结果是不幸的结果,其不定式前用only表达。例句:
  They arrived at airport, only to find the plane had taken off.
  他们赶到机场后发现飞机都已经起飞了。
  5.Unless引导的条件状语从句。例句:
  You don’t need an umbrella unless it is raining. 如果天没有下雨,你就不需要带伞。
  练习题
  281. Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ________ avoided.
  [A] is to be [B] can be [C] will be [D] has been
  282. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true ________ it comes to classroom tests.
  [A] before [B] as [C] since [D] when
  283. There are over 100 night schools in the city, making it possible for a professional to be reeducated no matter ________ he does.
  [A] how [B] where [C] what [D] when
  284. I’ve kept up a friendship with a girl whom I was at school ________ twenty years ago.
  [A] about [B] since [C] till [D] with
  285. He wasn’t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, ________ insufficiently popular with all members.
  [A] being considered [B] considering [C] to be considered [D] having considered
  286. ________ for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.
  [A] Had it not been [B] Were it not [C] Be it not [D] Should it not be
  287. Anyone with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew that the assertion about economic recovery ________ just around the corner was untrue.
  [A] would be [B] to be [C] was [D] being
  288. Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills ________ people each year than automobile accidents.
  [A] seven more times [B] seven times more [C] over seven times [D] seven times
  289. It’s easy to blame the decline of conversation on the pace of modern life and on the vague changes ________ place in our ever-changing world.
  [A] taking [B] to take [C] take [D] taken
  290. This is an exciting area of study, and one ________ which new applications are being discovered almost daily.
  [A] from [B] by [C] in [D] through
  291. ________ can be seen from the comparison of these figures, the principle involves the active participation of the patient in the modification of his condition.
  [A] As [B] What [C] That [D] It
  292. Although I had been invited to the opening ceremony, I was unable to attend ________ such short notice.
  [A] to [B] in [C] with [D] on
  293. California has more light than it knows ________ to do with but everything else is expensive.
  [A] how [B] what [C] which [D] where
  294. The solution works only for couples who are self-employed, don’t have small children and get along ________ to spend most of their time together.
  [A] so well [B] too well [C] well as [D] well enough
  295. Marlin is a young man of independent thinking who is not about ________ compliments to his political leaders.
  [A] paying [B] having paid [C] to pay [D] to have paid
  296. These proposals sought to place greater restrictions on the use and copying of digital information than ________ in traditional media.
  [A] exist [B] exists [C] existing [D] to exist
  297. As I’ll be away for at least a year, I’d appreciate ________ from you now and then telling me how everyone is getting along.
  [A] hearing [B] to hear [C] to be hearing [D] having heard
  298. Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, ________ to find it locked.
  [A] just [B] only [C] hence [D] thus
  299. Doctors see a connection between increase amounts of leisure time spent ________ and the increased number of cases of skin cancer.
  [A] to sunbathe [B] to have sunbathed [C] having sunbathed [D] sunbathing
  300. Unless you sign a contract with the insurance company for your goods, you are not entitled ________ a repayment for the goods damaged in delivery.

  [A] to [B] with [C] for [D] on

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